Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni yesixhumi: ukuzuza ngokujulile ngogesi wezimoto

1.1 Ukuchazwa Kwezixhumi
Isixhumi ngokuvamile sisho isixhumi sikagesi esixhumanisa amadivaysi amabili asebenzayo ukuze adlulise amanje noma amasiginali. Izakhi zesixhumi yizakhi ezihlanganisa izixhumi ezinezintambo ezihambisanayo (kufaka phakathi izintambo ze-fiber optic, izintambo namakhebuli, izintambo ze-microwave coaxic, njll.) Zibe yimibuthano yokujikeleza ehambisanayo ukuze ifinyelele ukuxhumana kwesiginali nokudlulisela phakathi kwamadivayisi kagesi. Imibuthano eyakheka kumadivayisi we-elekthronikhi ixhumeke kakhulu ngamakhebuli noma ama-PCB (amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe). Ihlukaniswe ngokudluliselwa okuphakathi: Izixhumi zikagesi, izixhumi ze-Microwave RF, izixhumi ze-Optical. Ihlukaniswe ngezimo zesicelo ezaphansi: Izixhumi zokuxhumana, izixhumi ze-elekthronikhi zabathengi, izixhumi zezimoto kanye nezixhumi zezimboni.
1.2 Izinzuzo kanye nemisebenzi eyinhloko yezixhumi
Isixhumi sihlinzeka ngesibonisi esihlukanisiwe sezingxenye ezimbili zesekethe ezahlukene, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zivumela ukulungiswa noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto noma izesiko esingaphansi kwesidingo sokushintsha lonke uhlelo; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwezakhi kanye nekhono lokunwetshwa kwamadivayisi ahlukahlukene, okwenza ukwakheka kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ibe lula futhi iguquke. Imisebenzi ehlukene esetshenziswe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezixhumi ziphumela ngaphandle kokungafani nasekukhiqizeni izidingo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezixhumi. Abakhiqizi bezixhumi ngokuvamile abakhiqizi abangashadile bezixhumi zikagesi, izixhumi zeRadio Frequency, noma izixhumi ze-Optical. Ama-giantror wezixhumi zakwamanye amazwe anjengeTyco ne-Amphenol nawo anekhono lokukhiqiza izixhumi zikagesi, izixhumi zemvamisa yomsakazo, nezixhumi ze-Optical.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwesixhumi semakethe yesixhumi
2.1 Ngokuqhubekayo ukwandisa isilinganiselo semakethe yesixhumi
Kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2023, ezomnotho zakwaChina zigcinwe nokukhula okusheshayo, kanye nezimakethe ezaphansi zezixhumi ezifana nokuxhumana, zokuhamba, kanye nokukhuphuka okubukhali kwezixhumi ezixhunyiwe kwiChina., Kusukela ngo-2023, Usayizi wemakethe yesixhumi eChina ukhuphuke kusuka ku- $ 16,5 billion kuya ku- $ 24.9 billion, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-10.84%. Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Emboni yaseChina seChammente sibikezela ukuthi usayizi wemakethe wezixhumi eChina uzofinyelela ama-dollar angama-29 ama-US ngo-2023. Imakethe yezixhumi emhlabeni jikelele isatshalaliswa izifunda ezinhlanu ezinkulu, kufaka phakathi iChina, neYurophu isifunda sase-Asia Pacific. Kodwa-ke, njengoba imboni yezokukhiqiza emhlabeni isuka eChina, kugxilwe kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwesixhumi somhlaba wonke kuguqukela eChina.
2.2 Ukuhlukaniswa kwezixhumi kususelwa ezimoyeni ezansi
Imboni yezimoto iyisimo esikhulu sohlelo lokusebenza sezixhumi emhlabeni jikelele. Izixhumi zezimoto ikakhulukazi izixhumi zikagesi, kepha ngokuthuthukiswa kwezobunhloli zezimoto kanye nokuxhumana nezixhumi zemvamisa yemoto nazo ziqale ukusetshenziswa. Izidingo zekhwalithi yezixhumi ezizithuthi eziqinile, futhi abahlinzeki abahambisanayo kufanele bathole isitifiketi sekhwalithi yekhwalithi ye-Iatf16949. Inkambu yezokuxhumana iyisimo sesibili esikhulu sohlelo lokusebenza sabaxhumi emhlabeni wonke. Imikhiqizo yesixhumi kulo mkhakha yimikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezifiso kakhulu, ngenkathi isensimini yezokuxhumana, izixhumi zikagesi, izixhumi ze-microwave RF, nezixhumi ze-Optical zisetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye. I-iteration esheshayo yezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wokuxhumana idinga ukuthi abakhiqizi bezixhumi babe namakhono okucwaninga kwangaphambi kokugcina umkhiqizo ukuze balondoloze ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe besixhumi ngezimo zesicelo. Imikhiqizo yesixhumi se-elektroniki yabathengi ibukisa izici zokuma okujwayelekile kanye ne-miniaturization. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yebanga elikhulayo phakathi kwezindlela zangaphakathi zesiginali, isidingo sokulwa nokuphazanyiswa kwezimpawu phakathi kwabo siyanda. Ukuze unciphise ukuhlukaniswa kwesiginali nokubambezeleka kwesiginali, imikhiqizo yesixhumi kudingeka ifinyelele ekuvikeleni okuhle kwesiginali nokuxhumeka okuthembekile.
2.3 Ukuthandwa okuphezulu kwezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy kuqhubekile ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwesilinganiso sesixhumi
Ngokumelene ne-wackrop yokuthuthuka okunamandla kwezwe kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, abakhiqizi bezimoto ezinkulu bayaqhubeka nokwandisa imali yabo ezimotweni zamandla amasha, futhi ukukhiqizwa kweChina kwezimoto ezintsha kukhuphuke ngokushesha, ukuhlinzeka ngomfutho ukukhula kwezixhumi ezintsha zemoto. Ngo-2023, ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kufinyelelwe amayunithi ezigidi eziyi-3.125, ngesilinganiso sokukhula okuhlanganisiwe kwama-34.85% ukusuka ngo-2016 kuya ku-2023; Usayizi wemakethe wezixhumi zemoto entsha ye-Energy eChina ngo-2023 kwakungu-4.78 billion yuan, ngesilinganiso sokukhula okuhlanganisiwe ngo-60.46% kusuka ngo-20.420 . Amamojula ahlukene anezidingo ezihlukile zokusebenza kwezixhumi ezisuselwa kwizinkomba zabo zokusebenza. Ngenxa yezidingo zokuphepha embonini yezimoto, ukusebenza kwezixhumi ezintsha zemoto yamandla kugxile ekusebenzeni kukagesi okufana namandla kagesi aphezulu, okuphezulu kwamanje, nokuphazamiseka, futhi kudinga ukusebenza okuhle kwemishini njengokudlidliza kanye nomthelela ku Izindawo ezisebenzayo ezinamandla isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy ziye zanda ngokuvumelanisa izidingo zokusetshenziswa kwesixhumi kanye nokusebenza.
Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ze-2.4 5G Base zithuthuka ngokuqinile, futhi isidingo sezixhumi zokuxhumana zikhula ngokushesha
I-China yakha ingqikithi yeziteshi eziyisigidi eziyi-1,991. Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Emboni embonini sibikezela ukuthi abasebenza ngocingo bazokwakha iziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-800000 5G Base kulo lonke elase-2021; Ngo-2025, kulindeleke ukuthi inani elihlanganisiwe leziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G zakhiwe kuzoba cishe izigidi ezi-5; Ngo-2030, kulindeleke ukuthi inani eliphelele leziteshi ezintsha ze-5G Macro neziteshi ezincane zizofinyelela izigidi eziyi-10. Ukwanda kwenani leziteshi ze-5G Base Sekulethe indawo ebanzi yokukhula emakethe yezokuxhumana, kanye namabhizinisi okuxhumana abhekene nentuthuko eqhubekayo.